Removal of nourishing substances with meadow grass harvest
Abstract
At present, the need for crops in fertilizers is determined by an amount of mineral nutrients carried out by the planned crop and by the results of field experiment, taking into account the effective fertility of the soil. Experimental studies were conducted on the eroded slope of steepness 6–7° on the basis of the Rivne Institute of Agricultural Production of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray, light-sand, medium-grained, extracted. In order to create cereal-leguminous grass, haymaking, the grass-blend was planted in a non-obtrusive manner, the following grasses were added to the composition: alfalfa sowed (4.4 million pounds per hectare) + long beetroot horned (4.4 million pounds per hectare) + bromus inermis (3.4 million pounds per hectare) + Lolium perenne (3.4 million pounds per hectare). The experiment used double and triple combinations of mineral fertilizers in accordance with the scheme and used growth stimulants (emistom C and fumar). Nitrogen fertilizers were administered in the dose N30 in the spring and after the second slump. Phosphoric and potassium – in the spring. Results of our analysis show that the removal of nutrients and their content in the root remains more depend on the harvest of dry overground mass and accumulation of root residues, than from the chemical composition of cereals and legumes grass mix. In variants where mineral nitrogen was not introduced, the accumulation of this element in the crop occurs at the expense of growth stimulator (fumar) and the symbiotic fixation of nitrogen by bean grasses. We have established that the removal of nitrogen with the harvest was 162.4–240.0 kg/ha, phosphorus 46.5–66.7 kg/ha, potassium – 184.8–240.0 kg/ha. The highest yield was from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in variants with full mineral fertilizer in the norm N60P60K90 + growth stimulator fumar and was 240.0 kg/ha, 66.7 kg/ha, 240.0 kg/ha respectively. The results are presented, which confirm that at a low level of mineral nutrition a significant amount of nutrients is removed by the harvest. According to our calculations, a positive balance between nitrogen and phosphorus and negative for potassium was noted on variants of cereal-leguminous grasses of hayfield use (Medicago sativa alfalfa crop, Lotus corniculatus lyadvenets Horned, Promus rump beardless inermis, and Lolium multiflorum) with full mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K90 + fumar. It was established that cereal grasses use nitrogen in the ear staining phase, and fertilizer and root residues are not sufficient to cover its removal with a biological harvest.
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