Dependence of the histomorphological structure of m. Longissimus thoracis in fattening pigs from the method of their castration and live weight
Keywords:
gilts, immunocastration, pre-slaughter mass, muscle fibers, histological section, sarcoplasm, meat tenderness.
Abstract
The article investigated the dependence of the histological structure of m. Longissimus thoracis muscle in immunocastrated pigs vaccinated with the “Improvak” vaccine from the company “Zoetis”, USA, and in non-castrated pigs fattened under the conditions of industrial pork production and slaughtered at different live weights. For the study, two experimental groups of 220 gilts each were formed, derived from Irish Landrace and Irish Yorkshire sows and inseminated with semen from boars of the MakGro synthetic line. At the age of 72 days, with an average live weight of 26 kg, they were brought to a fattening farm where the piglets of the research group were vaccinated on the 112th day of life with the vaccine “Improvak” from the company “Zoetis”, USA, in a quantity of 2 ml. They were re-vaccinated on the 148th day of life with the same vaccine and in the same quantity. The pigs in the control group were not castrated. It was found that in m. Longissimus thoracis muscle of immunocastrated pigs using the “Improvak” vaccine, the diameter of the muscle fibres decreased by 15 micrometres and the fibres absorbed more sarcoplasm, which, against the background of a 14 % increase in the content of parenchymal components, indicates an increase in the juiciness and tenderness of the meat. It has been shown that the muscle fibres of the longissimus thoracis no longer grow as a result of the immunocastration of pigs, but take on useful properties, i.e. become hydrated and fat. It was found that pre-slaughter weight had no significant effect on the histological parameters of the longest back muscle of the pigs studied.
References
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Mykhalko, O. G. (2021). Current state and ways of de-velopment of pig farming in the world and Ukraine. Bulletin of the Sumy National Agrarian University. Series “Livestock”, 3(46), 61–78. DOI: 10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.3.9.
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Batorek, N., Čandek-Potokar, M., Bonneau M., & Van Milgen, J. (2012). Meta-analysis of the effect of im-munocastration on productionperformance, reproduc-tive organs and boar taint compounds in pigs. Ani-mal, 6(8), 1330–1338. DOI: 10.1017/S1751731112000146.
Batorek-Lukač, N., Kress, K., Čandek-Potokar, M., Fazarinc, G., Škrlep, M., Poklukar, K., Wesoly, R. Stefanski, V., & Vrecl, M. (2022). Immunocastration in adult boars as a model for late–onset hypogonad-ism. Andrology, 10(6), 1217–1232. DOI: 10.1111/andr.13219.
Bogucka, J., & Kapelański, W. (2005). Microstructure of longissimus lumborum muscle in pigs of several breeds and its relation to meat quality traits. Folia Biol. Suppl., 53, 85–90. DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2016-0029.
Bohrer, B. M., Flowers, W. L., Kyle, J. M., Johnson, S. S., King, V. L., Spruill, J. L., Thompson, D. P., Schroeder, A. L., & Boler, D. D. (2014). Effect of gonadotropin releasing factor suppression with an immunological on growth performance, estrus activi-ty, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of market gilts. J Anim Sci., 92(10), 4719–4724. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7756.
Botelho-Fontela, S., Paixão, G., Pereira-Pinto, R., Vaz-Velho, M., Pires, M. D. A., Payan-Carreira, R., Pata-rata, L., Lorenzo, J., Silva, A., & Esteves, A. (2023). Effect of Immunocastration on Culled Sows-A Pre-liminary Study on Reproductive Tract, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality. Vet. Sci., 10(10), 600. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100600.
Council Directive 86/609/EEC of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and adminis-trative provisions of the Member States regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. URL: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/cc3a8ccb-5a30-4b6e-8da8-b13348caeb0c/language-en.
Henckel, P., Oksbjerg, N., Erlandsen, E., Barton-Gade, P., & Bejerholm, C. (1997). Histo-and biochemical characteristics of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs and their relationships to performance and meat quality. Meat Sci., 47, 311–321. DOI: 10.1016/S0309-1740(97)00063-6.
Jacobs, L., & Neary, J. (2020). Castration in the U.S. Swine Industry: Animal Welfare Implications and Al-ternatives. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, APSC–174P. URL: https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/pubs_ext_vt_edu/en/APSC/APSC-174/APSC-174.html.
Kasprzyk, A., & Bogucka, J. (2020). Meat quality of Pulawska breed pigs and image of longissimus lum-borum muscle microstructure compared to commer-cial DanB and Naima hybrids. Arch. Anim. Breed., 63(2), 293–301. DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-293-2020.
Koziy, M. S., & Ivanov, V. O. (2004). The method of enclosing histological objects in paraffin with a fixed thickness. Patent for the invention No. 64288 A. dated February 16, 2004. (Bulletin No. 2). https://scholar.google.com.ua/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=uk&user=GbMNux0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=GbMNux0AAAAJ:qUcmZB5y_30C (in Ukrainian).
Koziy, M. S., & Lyashenko, E. V. (2011). Arch micro-tome. Patent for the invention No. 60618 dated June 25, 2011 (Bulletin No. 12) (in Ukrainian).
Kress, K., Millet, S., Labussière, É., Weiler, U., & Stef-anski, V. (2019). Sustainability of Pork Production with Immunocastration in Europe. Sustainability, 11(12), 3335. DOI: 10.3390/su11123335.
Mykhalko, O. G. (2020). Feeding qualities of pigs of Irish origin under different types of feeding. Bulletin of the Sumy National Agrarian University. “Live-stock” series, 4, 51–57. DOI: 10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2020.3.9 (in Ukrainian).
Mykhalko, O. G. (2021). Current state and ways of de-velopment of pig farming in the world and Ukraine. Bulletin of the Sumy National Agrarian University. Series “Livestock”, 3(46), 61–78. DOI: 10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.3.9.
Mykhalko, O., Povod, M., Sokolenko, V., Verbelchuk, S., Shuplyk, V., Shcherbatiuk, N., Melnyk, V., & Zasu-kha, L. (2022). The influence of the castration method on meat cuts indicators of pig carcasses. Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development”, 22(3), 451–458. URL: https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/vol.22_3/Art48.pdf.
Mykhalko, O., Povod, M., Gutyj, B., Lumedze, I., Ioven-ko, A., & Bondar, A. (2023). Influence of ventilation system type on microclimate parameters in farrowing room and reproductive qualities of pigs. Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development”, 23(1), 425–436. URL: https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/vol.23_1/Art48.pdf.
Pauly, C., Luginbühl, W., Ampuero, S., & Bee, G. (2012). Expected Effects on Carcass and Pork Quality When Surgical Castration Is Omitted – Results of a Meta–Analysis Study. Meat Science, 92(4), 858–862. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.06.007.
Pauly, C., Spring, P., O’Doherty, J.V., Ampuero Kragten, S., Bee, G., (2009). Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of group-penned sur-gically castrated, immunocastrated (Improvac®) and entire male pigsand individually penned entire male pigs. Animal, 3(7), 1057–1066. DOI: 10.1017/S1751731109004418.
Pérez-Ciria, L., Carcò, G., Miana-Mena, F. J., Mitjana, O., Falce-to, M. V., & Latorre, M. A. (2021). Immunocastration in Gilts: A Preliminary Study of the Effect of the Second Dose Administration Time on Growth, Reproductive Tract Devel-opment, and Carcass and Meat Quality. Animals, 11(2), 510. DOI: 10.3390/ani11020510.
Pérez-Ciria, L., Miana-Mena, F.J., Álvarez-Rodríguez J., & Latorre, M.A. (2022). Effect of castration type and diet on growth performance, serum sex hormones and metabolites, and carcass quality of heavy male pigs. Animals, 12(8), 1004. DOI: 10.3390/ani12081004.
Povod, M. G., Mykhalko, O. G., Shpetniy, M. B., Zhizh-ka, S. V., Klindukhova, I. M., & Nechmilov, V. M. (2018). Morpological composition of pig carcasses by different methods of castration. Scientific and tech-nical bulletin IT NAAS, 119, 114–122 (in Ukrainian).
Povod, M., Kravchenko, O., Getya, A., Zhmailov, V., Mykhalko, O., Korzh O., & Kodak, T. (2020). Influ-ence of pre-killing living weight of the quality of car-cass of hybrid pigs in the conditions of industrial pork production in Ukraine. Journal Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agri-culture and Rural Development, 20(4), 431–437. URL: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20210051929.
Povod, M., Mykhalko, O., Kyselov, O., Opara, V., An-dreychuk V., & Samokhina, Y. (2021). Effects of var-ious pre-slaughter weights on the physico-chemical qualities of pig meat. J Adv Vet Anim Res., 8(3), 521–533. DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h542.
Povod, M. G., Opara, V. O., Mykhalko, O. G., Povoznikov, M. G., Lykhach, V. Y., Voshchenko, I. B., Gutyj, B. V., & Moisei, I. S. (2022). Effectiveness of using high-protein sunflower concentrate in pig feeding. Scientific Messenger of Lviv National Uni-versity of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural sciences, 24(97), 3–15. DOI: 10.32718/nvlvet-a9701.
Povod, M., Mykhalko, O., Povoznikov, M., Gutyj, B., Koberniuk, V., Shuplyk, V., Ievstafiieva, Y., & Buchkovska, V. (2022). Efficiency of using high-protein sunflower meal instead of soybean meal in feeding of growing piglets. Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development”, 22(4), 595–602. URL: https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/vol.22_4/Art64.pdf.
Povod, M., Mykhalko, O., Gutyj, B., Mironenko, O., Verbelchuk, S., Koberniuk, V., & Tkachuk, O. (2022). Dependence of the microclimate parameters of the pig house on different frequency of manure pits emp-tying and outdoor temperature. Scientific Papers. Se-ries “Management, Economic Engineering in Agri-culture and rural development”, 22(4), 603–616. URL: https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/vol.22_4/Art65.pdf.
Povod, M., Mykhalko, O., Verbelchuk, T., Gutyj, B., Borshchenko, V., & Koberniuk, V. (2023). Productiv-ity of sows, growth of piglets and fattening qualities of pigs at different durations of the suckling period. Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development”, 23(1), 649–658. URL: https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/ pdf/vol.23_1/Art68.pdf.
Povod, M. G., Mykhalko, O. G., Izhboldina О. O., Gutyj, B. V., Verbelchuk, T. V., Borshchenko, V. V., & Ko-berniuk, V. V. (2023). The influence of piglet weight placed for rearing on their productive quality and ef-ficiency of rearing. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 6(2), 37–43. DOI: 10.32718/ujvas6-2.07.
Ryu, Y. C., & Kim, B. C. (2005). The relationship be-tween muscle fibre characteristics, postmortem met-abolic rate, and meat quality of pig Longissimus dorsi muscle. Meat Sci., 71(2), 351–357. DOI: 10.1016/ j.meatsci.2005.04.015.
Singh, G., Kumar, A., Dutt, R., Arjun V., & Jain, V. K. (2020). Chemical Castration in Animals. An Update. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 9(4), 2787–2807. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2020.904.329.
Škrlep, M., Poklukar, K., Kress, K., Vrecl, M., Fazarinc, G., Lukač, N. B., Weiler, U., Stefanski V., Čandek-Potokar, M. (2020). Effect of immunocastration and housing conditions on pig carcass and meat quality traits. Translational Animal Science, 4(2), 1224–1237. DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa055.
Trefan, L., Doeschl-Wilson, A., Rooke, J. A., Terlouw, C., & Bünger, L. (2013). Meta-analysis of effects of gender in combination with carcass weight and breed on pork quality. Journal of Animal Science, 91(3), 1480–1492. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5200.
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Published
2024-02-21
How to Cite
Andreeva, D., Mykhalko, M., Gutyj, B., Shostya, A., Lumedze, I., Usenko, S., & Lumedze, T. (2024). Dependence of the histomorphological structure of m. Longissimus thoracis in fattening pigs from the method of their castration and live weight. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences, 26(100), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a10007
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Articles
