Morphology, histo- and cytomorphometry of ruminants' liver


Keywords: morphology, cattle, sheep, liver, microscopic structure, hepatocytes

Abstract

In this work, the macro-, microscopic structure and features of morphometric indices of cattle (Bovine Cattle) and sheep on the organ, tissue and cellular levels of a structural organization using anatomical, histological and morphometric methods were determined. Studies have shown that the morphological structure of the liver in the studied animals has a similar structural organization, but differs by certain organo-, histo- and cytomorphometric indices. It was determined, on the basis of organometric, that the absolute mass of the liver in ruminant is variable and to some extent depends on the blood flow of an organ and animal species. Herewith, in cattle, the absolute weight of the liver is 4.07 ± 0.084 kg, relative – 1.12 ± 0.012%, in sheep, respectively, 0.65 ± 0.0065 kg and 1.21 ± 0.014%. Histoarhitectonics of the liver of cattle and sheep is constructed with connective stroma and parenchyma. The stroma of the organ is formed by a capsule, on top of which is a serous membrane. In the area of the gates of the liver, the connective tissue of the capsule penetrates into the organ, branching and dividing the organ into lobes, which have a cut size and polygonal shape. It has been found out that in the microscopic structure of the liver of experimental animals – cattle and sheep, the boundaries between hepatic lobules are not quite clear due to poor development between the segments of the connective tissue. According to microscopic structure, the hepatic lobe in the ruminant is formed by a dense network of epithelial plates, which have a radial direction and are sometimes anastomosed with each other. Each plate is represented by two rows of hepatocytes, between which there are clearly pronounced sinusoid hemocapillars. Between the rows of hepatocytes forming the plates, they appear rather refined (up to 1 mkm), bilious capillaries, the walls of which are a hepatocyte membrane, which are interconnected with dense contacts. According to histomorphometric studies, the average area of the liver lobe in cattle is 0.7852 ± 0.041 mm², in sheep this figure is 1.28 times smaller and equals 0.6143 ± 0.066 mm², respectively. The number of lobes per unit area (14 mm²), on the contrary, is greater in sheep – 17.8 ± 2.88 units, and is significantly (Р ˂ 0.01) almost 1.4 times smaller (12.4 ± 1.99 units) than in cattle. Liver hepatocytes of experimental animals have an irregularly multifaceted form with clear contours of the cytoplasm. They are tightly adjacent to each other and contain rounded, centrally or eccentrically spaced and intensely colored nuclei of different diameters. Hepatocytes in the volume of the cytoplasm and nuclei are characterized by different sizes (small, medium, large), and accordingly different nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR): the highest NCR index is characteristic for small cells, the lowest – for large. In this case, the cytopopulation of the hepatic particles of sheep, relative to that in cattle, is characterized by a greater number of small hepatocytes, as indicated by the increase in the average index of NCR from 0.1020 ± 0.0065 in cattle to 0.1201 ± 0.0573 in sheep.

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Published
2018-02-27
How to Cite
Demus, N. (2018). Morphology, histo- and cytomorphometry of ruminants’ liver. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Veterinary Sciences, 20(83), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8311